lozenges, there is a lamp of learning. Traditionally, a lozenge is used on the arms of unmarried women or widows; the lozenges on the colleges' coat of arms act as a reminder that they were founded for women. Below, the motto is displayed which is taken from the arms of Bedford College, and reads esse quam videri.
The Royal Holloway shield was created following the merger of Bedford and Royal Holloway Colleges in 1985. The shield appears (in a black and white form) on legal documents and stationery for legal reasons, along with the following: "Incorporated by Act of Parliament. Royal Holloway and Bedford New College."
The use of the university's identifying marks is governed by the Communications and External Relations Department.
=== Schools and departments ===
As of 1 August 2019, the university operates using a School structure. Each school is led by an Executive Dean, who in turn reports to the university's executive team. The six new schools replaced the previous three faculties.
The schools are as follows:
There is additionally a Doctoral School for the university's PhD students.
=== Finances ===
In the financial year ended 31 July 2020, Royal Holloway had a total income £188.9m (2018/19 – £188.7m) and total expenditure of £167.8m (2018/19 – £223.9m). Key sources of income included £119.9m from tuition fees and education contracts (2018/19 – £114.7m), £18.6m from Office for Students and Research England grants (2018/19 – £17.3m), £17.2m from research grants and contracts (2018/19 – £16.4m) and £2.3m from donations and endowment income (2018/19 – £2.6m).
During the 2019/20 financial year Royal Holloway had a capital expenditure of £10.2m (2018/19 – £21.4m). At year end Royal Holloway had endowments of £78.8m (31 July 2019 – £81.2m).
== Academics ==
Royal Holloway employs around 2,300 members of staff, including 534 academic staff and 132 research staff. The total number of undergraduate and postgraduate students is 11,530, from 100 countries.
=== Research ===
In the Research Excellence Framework (REF) …
