of the University of Michigan. Key initiatives included the Manhattanville campus expansion into West Harlem, addressing space needs. Bollinger launched the World Leaders Forum and aimed to increase international student numbers. He appointed key leaders like Jeffrey Sachs (Earth Institute), Alan Brinkley (Provost), Nicholas Lemann (Journalism), David Hirsch (Research), and Nicholas Dirks (Arts & Sciences).
Bollinger was the defendant in the Supreme Court's 2003 affirmative action cases (Gratz and Grutter), resulting in a split decision. He consistently defended free speech principles during campus controversies involving faculty and students.
The university publicly launched a record $4 billion capital campaign in September 2006. Financial aid was improved, eliminating loans for undergraduates from families earning under $50,000, supported by a major gift from trustee Gerry Lenfest.
Globalization efforts continued with the World Leaders Forum and the creation of the Committee on Global Thought, chaired by Joseph …
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