Johns Hopkins University

John Dewey; Florence Bascom, considered the "first woman geologist in America" and the first woman to receive a doctorate from Hopkins; mathematician John Charles Fields, the namesake of the prestigious Fields Medal mathematics award; historian Frederick Jackson Turner, who developed the influential "frontier thesis"; theoretical physicist and nuclear scientist John A. Wheeler, who is credited with coining the term "black hole"; and Pulitzer Prize-winning Civil War historian James M. McPherson.
The School of Medicine, founded in 1893, served as a model for modern medical education and is considered one of the leading centers for medical research and innovation in the United States. Its notable graduates include cardiothoracic surgeon Denton Cooley, who performed the first total artificial heart implantation; biotechnologist and inventor Leroy "Lee" Hood; "father of medical genetics" Victor McKusick; pioneering brain surgeon Wilder Penfield; Dorothy Reed Mendenhall, who discovered the Reed-Sternberg cells that …